Reasons matter greatly to us in both ordinary and theoretical contexts, being connected to two fundamental normative concerns: figuring out what we should do and what attitudes to have, and understanding the duties and responsibilities that apply to us. This book introduces and critiques most of the contemporary theories of normative reasons considerations that speak in favor o...(展开全部)

The potential conflicts between morality and self-interest lie at the heart of ethics. These conflicts arise because both moral and prudential considerations apply to our choices. A widespread assumption in philosophical ethics is that by weighing moral and prudential reasons against each other, we can compare their relative weights and determine what we ought to do in the face...(展开全部)

The idea of a reason for acting is ubiquitous in philosophy, social science, and the law. When someone does something intentionally, we often want to know why they did it: what their reason for acting was, or, perhaps equivalently, their goal, intention, purpose, or motive for acting. In addition to asking what an agent’s reason for acting was, we ask whether their reason was a...(展开全部)

The idea of a reason for acting is ubiquitous in philosophy, social science, and the law. When someone does something intentionally, we often want to know why they did it: what their reason for acting was, or, perhaps equivalently, their goal, intention, purpose, or motive for acting. In addition to asking what an agent’s reason for acting was, we ask whether their reason was a...(展开全部)

冯·赖特（Gerog Henrik von Wright,1916～2003）是当代著名的芬兰哲学家，维特根斯坦在剑桥大学的教授职位继任者，其三位遗嘱执行人之一，后任赫尔辛基大学教授，美国康奈尔大学无任所教授，芬兰科学院研究教授、院长等职。其研究领域涉及归纳逻辑、哲学逻辑、伦理 学和一般价值和规范理论、行动理论、人文科学方法论、文化哲学、心智哲学、维特根斯坦研究等，是道义逻辑之父。先后用英语、德语、芬兰语、瑞典语等语种出版专著、论文集30多种，其中有些著作又被译为法语、俄语、意大利语、西班牙语、日语等语种出版，其学术研究的特点是融通分析哲学和欧洲大陆哲学。他是哲学逻辑和维特根斯坦研究方面公认的国际权威，但其思想却具有浓厚的人文主义意味，特别是中晚期更是明显偏向人文主义的研究。他的研究成果产生了广泛的国际性影响，并给他带来很高的国际性声誉：先后被授予1...(展开全部)

冯·赖特（Gerog Henrik von Wright,1916～2003）是当代著名的芬兰哲学家，维特根斯坦在剑桥大学的教授职位继任者，其三位遗嘱执行人之一，后任赫尔辛基大学教授，美国康奈尔大学无任所教授，芬兰科学院研究教授、院长等职。其研究领域涉及归纳逻辑、哲学逻辑、伦理 学和一般价值和规范理论、行动理论、人文科学方法论、文化哲学、心智哲学、维特根斯坦研究等，是道义逻辑之父。先后用英语、德语、芬兰语、瑞典语等语种出版专著、论文集30多种，其中有些著作又被译为法语、俄语、意大利语、西班牙语、日语等语种出版，其学术研究的特点是融通分析哲学和欧洲大陆哲学。他是哲学逻辑和维特根斯坦研究方面公认的国际权威，但其思想却具有浓厚的人文主义意味，特别是中晚期更是明显偏向人文主义的研究。他的研究成果产生了广泛的国际性影响，并给他带来很高的国际性声誉：先后被授予1...(展开全部)

Science has multiple goals: to describe the world, as it is now; to predict the future and to make inferences about the past. Science also aims to understand the world – to explain why it is the way it is. But what does it take to explain a phenomenon? How does science generate understanding and what does that take? In this thorough and clearly written introduction to scientifi...(展开全部)

This book challenges, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity. The author claims that we have a false view of our own nature; that it is often rational to act against our own best interests; that most of us have moral views that are directly self-defeating; and that, when we consider future generations the ...(展开全部)

德里克•帕菲特 （Derek Parfit，1942—），英国当代著名哲学家和伦理学家。他的探究方向为人格同一性、理性、伦理等课题。他1984年的著述《理与人》在学术界内有着很高的知名度，被广泛引用，也被不少高等学府推荐给学生和大众。他的所有研究几乎都在英国牛津大学完成，他同时亦是美国哈佛大学、纽约大学和罗格斯大学的客座教授。

This book challenges, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity. The author claims that we have a false view of our own nature; that it is often rational to act against our own best interests; that most of us have moral views that are directly self-defeating; and that, when we consider future generations the ...(展开全部)